Cholera remained a persistent public health concern in Haiti in 2025, with the Ministry of Public Health reporting 2,852 suspected cases by October — a figure that while lower than peak epidemic years still represented ongoing transmission in communities where water and sanitation infrastructure remained broken by years of crisis and gang disruption. The disease that UN peacekeepers had introduced in 2010 had never been eliminated and continued to circulate wherever conditions enabled fecal-oral transmission.
The gang control of areas surrounding water treatment facilities and the fuel shortages that periodically disrupted pumping operations continued to create opportunities for waterborne disease transmission in communities that had previously accessed relatively safe municipal water. Displacement sites where hundreds of thousands of people lived without adequate sanitation remained the highest-risk environments for cholera spread.
Public health organizations maintaining surveillance and response capacity reported that early identification and oral rehydration therapy was preventing the outbreak from escalating to the epidemic proportions of 2022, but emphasized that the underlying conditions enabling transmission had not been addressed. The disease would continue to circulate as long as adequate water and sanitation infrastructure was absent from affected communities.
The UN’s 15th anniversary of introducing cholera into Haiti — a date that fell in 2025 — prompted renewed advocacy from survivor organizations and human rights groups for the meaningful compensation and accountability that the UN had promised in 2016 but delivered only partially. The cholera accountability campaign continued despite the passage of years, insisting that the obligation to remedy the harm caused had not expired with time.